Eubacterium limosum as a biocatalyst for sustainable methanol bioconversion.

Eubacterium limosum is an acetogenic bacterium capable of utilizing one-carbon substrates - CO2, CO, formate, and methanol - while producing valuable reduced compounds, including butyrate and hexanoate. Its broad substrate range and robust methanol utilization make it a promising platform for sustainable methanol bioconversion. Recent advances in genetic and analytical tools have enabled comprehensive systems-level characterization and metabolic engineering. Additionally, methanol mixotrophy strategies have significantly improved energy availability and product yields. This review examines current progress in E. limosum research, focusing on genetic tool development, methanol-based biochemical production, and mixotrophy implementation. We conclude by outlining future directions for enhancing strain performance and establishing E. limosum as an industrial biocatalyst for methanol valorization.