Biological and Phytochemical Investigations of Alchemilla daghestanica Juz. and Alchemilla minusculiflora Buser: A Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Skin-Regenerative Properties.

The biological activities and phytochemical composition of Alchemilla daghestanica and Alchemilla minusculiflora were investigated for the first time. Methanol extracts from the aerial and root parts of both species were assessed. The total phenolic content was highest in the root extracts. A. daghestanica root (Alda root) and A. minusculiflora root (Almin root) exhibited by 91.58% radical scavenging activity at 200 µg/mL, comparable to gallic acid (91.98%). Alda root inhibited COX-1 by 85.79% and COX-2 by 91.89% at 200 µg/mL, while Almin root inhibited COX-1 by 83.99% and COX-2 by 91.82%. Elastase inhibition was highest in Almin root (IC50 = 40.35 µg/mL). No significant collagenase inhibition was found. Wound-healing assays demonstrated that root extracts exhibited the most rapid closure at 250 µg/mL after 24 h. Key bioactive compounds, identified by LC-MS/MS, were catechin and ellagic acid, which may contribute to the observed biological effects.