From clinical observation to experimental validation: Investigating the neurotoxic impact of dimethylacetamide.

Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) is a polar organic solvent widely used in the production of synthetic fibers and other industrial applications. Its hepatotoxic potential has been well documented in laboratory animals and occupationally exposed workers, establishing DMAC as a recognized industrial hazard. However, evidence regarding its neurological effects remains scarce. We report a clinical case of accidental DMAC inhalation associated with diffuse cortical hyperintensity on brain magnetic resonance imaging, raising concern for direct neurotoxicity. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the neurotoxic potential of DMAC in a controlled rat model experiment. Animals subjected to repeated intraperitoneal DMAC administration exhibited cortical and subcortical histopathological alterations consistent with neurotoxicity, accompanied by significant hepatic and renal injury. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that DMAC toxicity extends beyond hepatotoxicity to involve the central nervous system and kidneys, highlighting its potential for multi-organ toxicity and reinforcing concerns regarding occupational exposure risks.