In silico exploration of the potential inhibitory activities of in-house and ZINC database lead compounds against alpha-glucosidase using structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation approach.

Inhibitors of α-glucosidase have been used to treat type-2 diabetes (T2DM) by preventing the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose and prevent enhancing glucose conversion. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was used to generate novel chemical scaffold-ligand α-glucosidase inhibitors. The databases were screened against the receptor α-glucosidase using SBVS and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) techniques in this study. Based on molecular docking studies, three and two compounds of α-glucosidase inhibitors were chosen from a commercial database (ZINC) and an In-house database for this study respectively. The mode of binding interactions of the selected compounds later predicted their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Finally, one out of three lead compound from ZINC and one out of two lead compound from In-house database were shortlisted based on interactions. Furthermore, MDS and post-MDS strategies were used to refine and validate the shortlisted leads along with the reference acarbose/α-glucosidase. The Hits' ability to inhibit α-glucosidase was predicted by SBVS, indicating that these compounds have good inhibitory activities. The lead inhibitor's structure may serve as templates for the design of novel inhibitors, and in vitro testing to confirm their anti-diabetic potential is necessary. These insights can help rationally design new effective anti-diabetic drugs.