Children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): better social and emotional integration after early diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Alcoholism during pregnancy is one of the most common factors in western societies causing persisting congenital and multiple physical as well as neurological impairments. Finding the diagnosis at first sight puts medical professionals into a demanding situation. Therefore the objective of this study was to detect patients' developmental characteristics with the main focus on the necessity of the diagnosis itself.

PATIENTS: 125 young patients, whose diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was made at the Muenster University Hospital, were followed up.

METHODS: Biographic details such as living conditions, health, developmental problems and educational career were gathered using a structured interview. The diagnosis itself and the impact of this on the patients were also explored.

RESULTS: Patients displayed characteristics of a less mature trait of character. The majority were looked after by foster parents. High rates of social and developmental problems could be found. The diagnosis was identified as a protective factor, with significantly better outcomes for patients being diagnosed in early childhood. A diagnosis established later in life was particularly helpful for the families and caregivers. Feelings of failure and self-blame could be diminished.

CONCLUSIONS: The early detection of affected children has to be improved as receiving the correct diagnosis, despite the persistent impairments, is of major benefit for both patients and their families.