Prevalence and associations of trachoma before interventions in six departments of the Colombian Amazon and Orinoquía.
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Trujillo-Trujillo Julián, Bello-Pérez Sandra Liliana, López de Mesa Clara Beatriz, Willis Rebecca, Bakhtiari Ana, Harding-Esch Emma, Gutiérrez Angela María, MacArthur Charles, Mpyet Caleb, Solomon Anthony William, Pavluck Alex, Hooper Pamela J, Bernal Lizarazu María Consuelo, Torres Myriam Leonor, Rico Alejandro, Bellido Cuéllar Olga Esther, Araque Carol Viviana, Nathy John Jairo, Cedeño Diana, Suta Carlos Fabián, Parra Tatiana, Cruz Escobar Jakelinne, Cárdenas-Garzón Karen, Mejía López Andrés Alejandro, Meza Mónica Patricia, Montoya Pablo, Blanco Ana Judith, Bernal Parra Luz Mery
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in individuals aged ≥15 years, and to identify factors associated with TF.
METHODOLOGY: In each department, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a two-stage cluster sampling design. Data entry was undertaken directly into mobile devices, in accordance with the processes of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). Based on the sampling frame obtained from the Colombian political-administrative division (Divipola), a representative sample of the rural areas of the departments was applied, randomly selecting clusters (communities) and households within clusters. In these households, all residents aged ≥1 year were examined for signs of trachoma using the definitions of the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading system. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with presence of TF, and the geospatial distribution of this sign was represented through maps.
RESULTS: The prevalence of TF in children aged 1-9 years exceeded the 5% threshold in four departments (Guainía, Vichada, Amazonas, and Guaviare), and TT prevalence was higher than 0.2% ≥ 15 years old in only one (Guainía) highlighting the need to implement the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement) strategy.
CONCLUSIONS: Trachoma is a public health problem in several areas of the Colombian Amazon and Orinoquía regions. Our data indicate a need to implement comprehensive interventions in accordance with WHO recommendations.