Bioengineered Microrobot for Targeted and Autonomous Eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a major challenge in gastric disease treatment, with conventional antibiotic therapies hindered by poor gastric retention, lack of specificity, and the growing threat of bacterial resistance. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel bioengineered robotic system inspired by icebreakers, integrating multi-functional nanomaterials for targeted, autonomous, and efficient H. pylori eradication. Our micro-robots combine a platinum nanozyme-based calcium carbonate complex with chitosan (Cs) modification, gastric epithelial cell membranes (CM) coating, and pronase (P) incorporation, enabling selective targeting and autonomous motility. Upon gastric acid exposure, this system undergoes controlled decomposition, generating carbon dioxide to propel movement, releasing pronase to penetrate and degrade mucus barriers, and deploying Pt nanozymes for deep bacterial eradication. This multi-modal mechanism significantly enhances gastric retention, precision targeting, and therapeutic effectiveness. Our in vitro and in vivo studies validate its superior antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and its unprecedented ability to mitigate H. pylori-induced inflammation while preserving intestinal microbiota balance. By combining bioengineering, nanotechnology, and autonomous propulsion, this innovation represents a paradigm shift in H. pylori therapy, offering a precise, efficient, and resistance-mitigating alternative to conventional treatments.