[Fulminant retinopathy of prematurity ("plus-disease"): incidence, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and variations in course].

The authors examined 363 premature children with retinopathy. The fulminant form PH ("plus-disease") was found in 21.5% of cases. The authors determined risk factors of this PH form, diseases of mother during pregnancy, pregnancy pathology, infectious diseases of a new-born child with development of sepsis and pneumonia, grave hypoxic and ishemic affection of central nervous system with intraventricular hemorrhage of III-IV degree, and also exposure of children to artificial lung ventilation for more than 7 days and estimation by Apgar scale at less than 6 points. There were the following ophthalmologic prodromes of fulminant PH in early neonatal period: gray color of the optic disk, gray-yellow background of the eye fundus, coiled arteries and varicosity in retina center, coiled vessels on periphery of the eye fundus, total retina edema, multiple hemorrhages at the eye fundus, a wide avascular zone. There are the following absolute signs of this form: rigidity of the pupil, iris vasodilatation, localization of process in I-II zone of the eye fundus, a significant varicosity in center of eye fundus, a coiled way of central arteries, vasodilatation and sharply coiled vessels at the border with avascular zone, exudative and proliferative changes both at site of peripheric torus and at other sections of the eye fundus. To estimate process gravity, forecast and more pathogenetically substantiate treatment, the following forms of fulminant PH are singled out: hemorrhagic (11.5%), exudative (21.8%), neovascular (14.1%) and mixed (52.6%).