Diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children: imaging with CT, sonography, and MR.

We reviewed the applications of CT, sonography, and MR imaging in diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children. Unique advantages of each technique are discussed, and common disease entities and practical applications of the three imaging methods are stressed. Evaluation of congenital dysplasia of the hip, hip effusion, and soft-tissue foreign bodies with sonography are emphasized. The role of CT in imaging patients with congenital dysplasia of the hip, tarsal coalition, osteomyelitis, and benign and malignant bone tumors is stressed. Common applications of MR that are emphasized include imaging of osteomyelitis, musculoskeletal tumors, normal bone marrow, and avascular necrosis. Innovations are briefly discussed, including evaluation of dermatomyositis with MR and imaging sternoclavicular dislocation, congenital vertical talus, and fractures and dislocations with sonography.