Emissions of fully fluorinated greenhouse gases in central-eastern China inferred from atmospheric observations.

Global warming is a pressing global challenge, and fully fluorinated greenhouse gases (FFGHGs) are the most potent greenhouse gases, with global warming potentials exceeding 7000 times that of CO2. However, the latest insights into FFGHG emissions in central-eastern China (accounting for 63 % of the Gross Domestic Product and 55 % of the population in China) are lacking. Here, we present the latest estimates of FFGHG emissions in central-eastern China, derived from new atmospheric observations since August 2023 combined with an inverse modeling approach. Our results indicate that the bottom-up emission estimates by the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) are lower by 27 %, 86 %, 99 %, and 100 % for CF4, C2F6, C3F8, and c-C4F8, respectively. Moreover, the ratios of FFGHG emissions relative to CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O, and hydrofluorocarbons) in central-eastern China from 2000 to 2023 increased substantially. Our findings reveal the increasing FFGHG emissions in China's most industrialized region, providing important insights for regional greenhouse gas mitigation.