Mothers as perpetrators and bystanders of child sexual abuse.

BACKGROUND

In research and literature, little attention has been paid to the role of women, especially mothers, in child sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE

In order to estimate prevalences on mothers as perpetrators and bystanders, data was collected in a German nationwide representative survey.

PARTICIPANTS AND

SETTING

A total of 2,531 participants (53.3 % female, 14-94 years) were selected by a random route procedure and questioned with a paper-pencil-questionnaire.

METHODS

The survey included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as well as questions on the perpetrator-victim relationship, bystanders and the awareness within society on the topic of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse. Prevalences were calculated.

RESULTS

The prevalence of child sexual abuse (6.6 %) as well as the proportion of female perpetrators (6.6 %) determined in the current survey were low compared to the findings of previous studies. Within the group of female perpetrators, biological mothers accounted for a larger share than biological fathers in the group of male perpetrators. Among the bystanders, the biological mother was named most frequently (24.6 %).

CONCLUSION

The general population underestimates the involvement of biological mothers in child sexual abuse. The results confirm that female perpetrators account for a rather small but substantial proportion of the perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Furthermore, the results indicate that mothers play a role in sexual abuse - either as perpetrators or as bystanders - that has been underestimated so far. It is therefore necessary to sensitize professionals and the public to the topic of female perpetrators and especially to the role of mothers in child sexual abuse.