Pediatric obesity · 2025
Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight.
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Themistocles Beatriz Louise Costa, Jannuzzi Fernanda Mussi Gazolla, Grisolia Alexandra Maria Monteiro, Machado Elisabeth, Madeira Isabel Rey, Bouskela Eliete, Farinatti Paulo, de Oliveira Cecilia Lacroix, Collett-Solberg Paulo Ferrez
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
RESULTS: OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
CONCLUSION: Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
RESULTS: OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
CONCLUSION: Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.