[Kanamycin-induced ototoxicity during treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].

INTRODUCTION

Aminoglycosides are commonly used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Their use can cause ototoxicity with irreversible hearing loss. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and to identify factors associated to kanamycin-induced ototoxicity during MDR-TB treatment in Yaounde.

METHODS

The records of patients hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Jamot Hospital of Yaounde between May 2008 and July 2015 (7 years) for treatment of MDR-TB with regimens containing kanamycin were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify for factors associated with ototoxicity during this treatment.

RESULTS

Of the 79 patients included, 60.7% were male and their median age (25th-75th percentile) was 31 (25-43) years. Eighteen (22.8%) patients had HIV infection. During treatment, the incidence of kanamycin-induced ototoxicity [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] was 36.7 (26.9-47.7) %. Factors independently associated with this ototoxicity [odds ratio (95% CI)] during MDR-TB treatment were age>40 years [13.47 (3.66-49.49)] and a body mass index<18.5kg/m2 [4.58 (1.36-15.44)].

CONCLUSION

The incidence of kanamycin-induced ototoxicity during MDR-TB treatment is relatively high. Taking these factors into consideration at the initiation of MDR-TB treatment would allow to reduce the occurrence of irreversible functional impairment induced by the treatment of MDR-TB.