Chiari I Malformation and Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent symptomatic feature of pediatric Chiari I, reported in at least 24% of patients presenting to neurosurgeons. Here the epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of SDB in Chiari I is reviewed. Diagnosis requires polysomnography, which should be pursued in young or symptomatic patients or those with prominent imaging findings. Review of case series of surgical decompression suggest that surgical decompression can improve SDB in selected patients.