A chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with fenofibrate for diabetic wound healing.

Diabetic wounds represent a common chronic condition, posing significant challenges in the treatment process due to bacterial infections, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbated inflammation. Fenofibrate (FEN) is a clinical medication used for lipid regulation. In this study, it was utilized for the first time as an effective component of wound dressings for treating diabetic ulcers, exploring its novel applications further. Therefore, we prepared a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/FEN (PCF) hydrogel using a freeze-thaw method and conducted physicochemical characterization of the PCF hydrogel to further elucidate its biological functions. In vitro studies demonstrated that the PCF hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility along with significant antimicrobial, pro-angiogenic, ROS-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties. Subsequent animal experiments indicated that the PCF hydrogel has the ability to promote blood vessel formation and collagen deposition. Additionally, the PCF hydrogel showed a significant inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response, as evidenced by the reductions in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These compelling findings accentuate the promising application of the PCF hydrogel in the treatment of diabetic wounds.