Anti-Vpr activities of sesqui- and diterpenoids from the roots and rhizomes of Kaempferia candida.

New copaene-type and nerolidol-type sesquiterpenoids, 7-hydroxymustakone (1) and 15-hydroxynerolidol (2), and a 15-norlabdane diterpenoid, kaempcandiol (3), together with four known compounds (4-7) were isolated from the chloroform extract of Kaempferia candida roots and rhizomes. The structures of the new compounds 1-3 were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The extract of the K. candida roots and rhizomes and all isolated compounds 1-7 possessed HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) inhibitory activities on the TREx-HeLa-Vpr cell line at a 5 μM concentration, without detectable cytotoxicity.