Outcome study of children, adolescents, and adults with sacral agenesis.

Musculoskeletal functional outcome was assessed in children and adults with sacral agenesis and no myelomeningocele. General health, musculoskeletal function, and psychosocial adjustment were assessed in 16 sacral agenesis patients (10 males, 6 females; mean age, 14 +/- 5 years) using previously validated patient and parent self-report questionnaires. Radiographs were reviewed to classify each patient by Renshaw type. Most patients were happy with their looks, and all felt that their general health was good to excellent. Patients reported being limited in function by their low back and distal lower extremities. Half were limited by pain. They reported problems functioning in physically demanding situations, although most were able to participate in low-demand physical activities. No relationship was found between pain and Renshaw type nor between overall satisfaction and Renshaw type.