Journal of vector borne diseases · 2026
A cross-sectional survey of malaria in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals in an endemic area of Northcentral Nigeria.
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Akoma Onyekachi Nnaemeka, Okoh Felicia Ngozi, Amoke Ofoma Cornelius
Аннотация
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: The proportion of asymptomatic malaria is one of the factors determining the dynamics of disease transmission and burden in endemic areas. This research focused on screening for Plasmodium parasitemia and analysing the relationship between proportion of malaria cases among asymptomatic and symptomatic people in Lokoja, Northcentral Nigeria.
METHODS: Cross-sectional survey and experimental designs were adopted. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data on socio-demography and clinical status of the participants. Blood samples were randomly collected from 328 consenting participants during high transmission season (April to October) of malaria within a three-year period (2018-2021), and screened for Plasmodium species by light microscopy (LM). Statistical analyses of related parameters were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 12.4% (25/202) and 85.7% (108/126) asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals were recorded respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean distribution of malaria cases among the asymptomatic and symptomatic persons. All cases identified were uncomplicated and falciparum-specific; and 40.5% (133/328) prevalence of P. falciparum malaria with hyperparasitemia was observed in the area. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to previous rates and other nearby endemic settings.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: As a matter of success towards malaria elimination, a renewed call is made for regular monitoring of malaria prevalence using more efficient means of diagnosis and consideration of control strategies such as regular mass antimalarial administration, particularly targeting the often-neglected asymptomatic reservoir subset.
METHODS: Cross-sectional survey and experimental designs were adopted. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data on socio-demography and clinical status of the participants. Blood samples were randomly collected from 328 consenting participants during high transmission season (April to October) of malaria within a three-year period (2018-2021), and screened for Plasmodium species by light microscopy (LM). Statistical analyses of related parameters were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 12.4% (25/202) and 85.7% (108/126) asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals were recorded respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean distribution of malaria cases among the asymptomatic and symptomatic persons. All cases identified were uncomplicated and falciparum-specific; and 40.5% (133/328) prevalence of P. falciparum malaria with hyperparasitemia was observed in the area. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to previous rates and other nearby endemic settings.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: As a matter of success towards malaria elimination, a renewed call is made for regular monitoring of malaria prevalence using more efficient means of diagnosis and consideration of control strategies such as regular mass antimalarial administration, particularly targeting the often-neglected asymptomatic reservoir subset.