[Combination effect of hyperthermia and MX2 on cultured glioma cell lines].

MX2, a new lipophilic morpholino anthracycline, has been reported to have chemotherapeutic effects superior to those of adriamycin against murine and human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. To assess the combination effect of MX2 and hyperthermia in vitro, the thermo-chemosensitivities of cultured human (U251MG and KC) and rat (C6 and 9L) glioma cell lines were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The number of viable cells in each cell line was markedly and dose-dependently decreased by MX2 treatment, but the sensitivity of U251MG to MX2 was less than that of the other cell lines. The survival of each cell line was decreased with the hyperthermic treatment at 43 degrees C for 60 minutes. Combined treatment with MX2 and hyperthermia had an additive effect on cultured glioma cells when MX2 was added to the medium at a dose below 50 ng/ml. However, combined treatment indicated neither an additive nor a synergistic effect when the dose of MX2 was above 50 ng/ml. We conclude that MX2 may be clinically useful against malignant gliomas when administered alone or in combination with hyperthermia.