Abnormalities in collagenase expression as in vitro markers for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

In order to correlate a characteristic clinical phenotype with biochemical abnormalities in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, fibroblast cultures were established from 4 typical patients with the severe form of the disease. Collagenase, the enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of blistering, was present in vitro in 2- to 4-fold greater concentrations than in control fibroblast cultures. Partially purified preparations of this enzyme displayed marked thermal lability and diminished affinity for Ca2+, a metal cofactor, suggesting the existence of a mutant enzyme. The data suggest that these 3 biochemical abnormalities, increased synthesis, decreased thermal stability and diminished affinity for Ca2+, should serve as reliable in vitro markers for genetic discrimination of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.