Evaluation of the health impacts and deregulation of signaling pathways in humans induced by microplastics.

This review assesses the diverse health risk factors associated with microplastic (MP) exposure and their impact on cellular signaling pathways. MPs induce chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, apoptosis, and immune dysregulation. They activate signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2, exacerbating inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and hormonal imbalances. Understanding the interplay between MPs and signaling pathways is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying MP-induced health effects. Effective risk assessment and management strategies are essential to mitigate the adverse health impacts of MPs on human populations. This research underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration to safeguard human health and environmental sustainability in the face of rising MP pollution. In this paper, we also assess the risk factors caused by the microplastics in the pregnant women and the development of the fetus. This review explores the potential risks and challenges associated with MP exposure in newborn babies. It is quite concerning that microplastic particles were recently found in the placental tissue of newborn children for the first time. Although it is unclear how these tiny particles affect different organs, researchers believe that these tiny particles could potentially carry harmful chemicals or disrupt the developing immune system of the fetus. This review overall focuses on the impact of microplastic disrupting different signaling including reproductive health in humans.