No evidence of HIV 2 infection in Sicily.

A seroepidemiological survey was carried out with the aim of establishing whether or not HIV 2 infection could be detected in Western Sicily. Two groups of sera were tested by EIA and WB assay against HIV 1 and HIV 2. 200 sera taken from North African immigrants in the Mazara del Vallo area, and 297 samples taken from AIDS-high risk groups individuals living in Palermo. None of the North African sera was positive to HIV 1 and/or HIV 2 by either techniques. 118 of the 297 sera from Palermo were HIV 1 positive by both techniques; 69 thereof also reacted to HIV 2 by EIA. Only six of these were confirmed by WB assay, showing a clear reactivity against the 140 and 105 HIV 2 glycoproteins. However, all six sera were considered merely cross-reactive to HIV 2, since none of them had neutralizing antibody to HIV 2 and the cross reactivity to glycoproteins of HIV 2 could be removed by absorbing them with HIV 1 infected cells. It seems therefore that HIV 2 has not yet reached our area. Early detection of the possible presence of this virus in our country could be obtained by improving both the surveillance and the effectiveness of laboratory tools for HIV 2 diagnosis.