[An atypical case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy in a young child].

Stage IV hypertensive retinopathies in children have been described, but their incidence appears to be rare. Most etiologies are nephropathies. The authors present a clinical case of malignant high blood pressure in a young girl whose ophthalmological tests detected an unusual nephropathy, the Ask-Upmark kidney, illustrating the importance of determining high blood pressure chronicity and using Kirkendall's classification. Systematic fluorescein angiography and NMR on atypical subjects prevents the diagnosis of Leber neuroretinis, the main differential diagnosis. Early treatment of high blood pressure can avoid complications such as macular exudes.