Complications of controlled tissue expansion in the pediatric burn patient.

All patients at the Burn Institute reconstructed with tissue expanders between June of 1984 and June of 1987 were included in this review. There were 122 expanders used in 77 patients. Complications were defined as "absolute" (23 of 122 expanders, 20 percent) if they resulted in loss of expanders or additional surgery or none of preoperative plan was satisfied or "relative" (14 of 122 expanders, 11 percent) if they included spotty alopecia or alopecia greater than 50 percent or the operative plan only partially satisfied, reflecting poor judgment. The most common absolute complication was prosthetic exposure secondary to wound dehiscence occurring in the scalp area. Complications relative to specific anatomic areas were neck and face, 2 of 20 (10 percent); lower extremity, 1 of 4 (25 percent); trunk, 0 of 6 (0 percent); and scalp, 20 of 92 (22 percent). We feel that this high complication rate in the use of tissue expanders may be unique to the pediatric burn patient. Knowledge of indications for use and potential complications is essential to add this entity to the armamentarium of the burn reconstructive surgeon.