Mechanistic study to enhance sorptive efficiency of Saussurea lappa lignocellulosic waste by chemical modification to detoxifying crystal violet dye by adsorption.

Crystal violet dye can survive in a range of conditions, is poorly digested by bacteria, has been labeled as a stubborn molecule, and is carcinogenic. In this study, Saussurea lappa (SL) lignocellulosic material was modified chemically with acid (SL-HCl) and base (SL-NaOH), Ethanol (SL-E), EDTA (SL-EDTA) and then employed for phytoremediative sorptive removal of Crystal Violet (CV) dye in batch mode after characterizing by FTIR, SEM, TGA and DSC analysis. At optimum conditions, the maximum sorptive capacity of CV dye was determined by applying the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model on equilibrium data of SL, SL-HCl, SL-EDTA, SL-E, and SL-NaOH and found to be: 33.752, 9.924, 10.795, 11.16 and 10.891 mg/g respectively and kinetic modeling indicated intra-particle diffusion model applicability for CV dye removal by SL. The findings showed that lignocellulosic waste from Saussurea lappa might be regarded as a feasible biological material.