Cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A vertex-based meta-analysis.

Neuroimaging studies report altered cortical thickness in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the results are inconsistent. Using anisotropic effect-size seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) software with its recently-developed meta-analytic thickness mask, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies which used whole-brain surface-based morphometry, in order to define consistent cortical thickness alterations in PTSD patients. Eleven studies with 438 patients and 396 controls were included. Compared with all controls, patients with PTSD showed increased cortical thickness in right superior temporal gyrus, and in left and right superior frontal gyrus; the former survived in subgroup analysis of adult patients, and in subgroup comparison with only non-PTSD trauma-exposed controls, the latter in subgroup comparison with only non-trauma-exposed healthy controls. Cortical thickness in right superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with percentage of female patients, and cortical thickness in left superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with symptom severity measured by the clinician-administered PTSD scale. These robust results may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of PTSD.