Frequency of changed behaviours in residential aged care and common mitigation strategies - A retrospective review of behavioural report logs.

BACKGROUND

Changed behaviours in residential aged care facilities (RACF) are frequently reported in the literature. How RACF staff routinely respond to these observed changed behaviours represents a significant gap.

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the frequency of changed behaviour reported within RACF behavioural report logs and to ascertain how staff typically manage these behaviours.

METHODS

Residents (N = 25) with varying levels of cognitive function were recruited from a 160 bed RACF in Queensland, Australia. A retrospective analysis of behavioural report logs was conducted to elucidate prevalence of reported changed behaviours as categorised by RACF staff. Thematic analysis of staff recorded behavioural mitigation strategies was used to categorise staff actions. A case analysis was also conducted to highlight the challenges faced by RACF staff managing persistent acute changed behaviours using identified common mitigation strategies. The STROBE guidelines were followed for reporting.

RESULTS

There were 395 behaviours recorded in a two-month period. Physical agitation, interfering while wandering, trying to get to inappropriate places, verbal refusal of care, physical aggression, and verbal disruption were most frequently reported by staff. Management strategies included redirection, PRN psychotropic medication, reassurance, routine care practices, offering of beverages, repositioning, and rarely analgesia. A 24-h case analysis highlighted how staff utilised redirection and multiple doses of a PRN benzodiazepine with limited effectiveness.

CONCLUSION

This study reveals current mitigation strategies employed by RACF staff in response to acute changed behaviours often associated with dementia. Agitation and wandering are prevalent and are difficult for staff to manage effectively.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study highlights that careful consideration should be taken to avoid overuse of PRN benzodiazepines in management of changed behaviours. Short-term mitigation strategies, such as redirection, may not be effective if underlying causes such as pain, physiological, mental, emotional, or social needs are not met.

PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: A RACF participated in project design and review.