Evaluation of Drug Exposure and Metabolism in Locust and Zebrafish Brains Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Studying how and where drugs are metabolized in the brain is challenging. In an entire organism, peripheral metabolism produces many of the same metabolites as those in the brain, and many of these metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier from the periphery, thus making the relative contributions of hepatic and brain metabolism difficult to study in vivo. In addition, drugs and metabolites contained in ventricles and in the residual blood of capillaries in the brain may overestimate drugs' and metabolites' concentrations in the brain. In this study, we examine locusts and zebrafish using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging to study brain metabolism and distribution. These animal models are cost-effective and ethically sound for initial drug development studies.