Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
Programmatic Effectiveness of a Pediatric Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Campaign in Navi Mumbai, India.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеПоддержка NIH: внешняя программаПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Hoffman Seth A, LeBoa Christopher, Date Kashmira, Haldar Pradeep, Harvey Pauline, Shimpi Rahul, An Qian, Zhang Chenhua, Jayaprasad Niniya, Horng Lily, Fagerli Kirsten, Borhade Priyanka, Daruwalla Savita, Dharmapalan Dhanya, Gavhane Jeetendra, Joshi Shrikrishna, Rai Rajesh, Rathod Varsha, Shetty Keertana, Warrier Divyalatha S, Yadav Shalini, Chakraborty Debjit, Bahl Sunil, Katkar Arun, Kunwar Abhishek, Yewale Vijay, Andrews Jason R, Bhatnagar Pankaj, Dutta Shanta, Luby Stephen P
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends vaccines for prevention and control of typhoid fever, especially where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid circulates. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) campaign. The campaign targeted all children aged 9 months through 14 years within NMMC boundaries (approximately 320 000 children) over 2 vaccination phases. The phase 1 campaign occurred from 14 July 2018 through 25 August 2018 (71% coverage, approximately 113 420 children). We evaluated the phase 1 campaign's programmatic effectiveness in reducing typhoid cases at the community level.
METHODS: We established prospective, blood culture-based surveillance at 6 hospitals in Navi Mumbai and offered blood cultures to children who presented with fever ≥3 days. We used a cluster-randomized (by administrative boundary) test-negative design to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign on pediatric typhoid cases. We matched test-positive, culture-confirmed typhoid cases with up to 3 test-negative, culture-negative controls by age and date of blood culture and assessed community vaccine campaign phase as an exposure using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: Between 1 September 2018 and 31 March 2021, we identified 81 typhoid cases and matched these with 238 controls. Cases were 0.44 times as likely to live in vaccine campaign communities (programmatic effectiveness, 56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25% to 74%; P = .002). Cases aged ≥5 years were 0.37 times as likely (95% CI, .19 to .70; P = .002) and cases during the first year of surveillance were 0.30 times as likely (95% CI, .14 to .64; P = .002) to live in vaccine campaign communities.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the use of TCV mass vaccination campaigns as effective population-based tools to combat typhoid fever.
METHODS: We established prospective, blood culture-based surveillance at 6 hospitals in Navi Mumbai and offered blood cultures to children who presented with fever ≥3 days. We used a cluster-randomized (by administrative boundary) test-negative design to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign on pediatric typhoid cases. We matched test-positive, culture-confirmed typhoid cases with up to 3 test-negative, culture-negative controls by age and date of blood culture and assessed community vaccine campaign phase as an exposure using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: Between 1 September 2018 and 31 March 2021, we identified 81 typhoid cases and matched these with 238 controls. Cases were 0.44 times as likely to live in vaccine campaign communities (programmatic effectiveness, 56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25% to 74%; P = .002). Cases aged ≥5 years were 0.37 times as likely (95% CI, .19 to .70; P = .002) and cases during the first year of surveillance were 0.30 times as likely (95% CI, .14 to .64; P = .002) to live in vaccine campaign communities.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the use of TCV mass vaccination campaigns as effective population-based tools to combat typhoid fever.