[Surgically treatable chronic constipative defecation disorders. Indications, diagnosis and therapy].

Paediatric surgeons are engaged in different causes of chronic constipation. Aganglionosis usually needs surgical therapy, but in dysganglionosis a distinct differentiation is necessary between patients sufficiently treated by conservative methods and others requiring surgery. Sometimes the operation seems to be an "ultima ratio" in these patients. Otherwise surgery can be necessary early in enterocolitis, ileus or toxic megacolon. In the spectrum of anal malformations constipation may be a primary symptom (anal ectopia, anal stenosis, low anal atresia with anocutaneous fistula) or appears as a post-operative complication (intermediate or high anal atresia). In secondary megacolon, surgery is performed to remove the result of therapeutic negation over many years. The operation may be the supposition to follow up with conservative treatment. In the management of constipated patients an exact diagnostic clarification has a central position. This especially includes anorectal manometry, x-ray examination with contrast medium application and defaecography and as last rectal biopsy.