Pediatric thoracic problems: patent ductus arteriosus, vascular rings, congenital tracheal stenosis, and pectus deformities.

In this article the authors examine 4 diseases specific to thoracic surgery in children: patent ductus arteriosus, vascular rings, congenital tracheal stenosis, and pectus deformities. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and results of contemporary surgical management are discussed for each diagnosis. Surgical techniques are described and illustrated in detail.