[Congenital immunodeficiency revealed by an acute anterior poliomyelitis. A case report].

Acute anterior poliomyelitis is now uncommon in Algeria. Perusal of data from the health ministry shows no cases reported between 1990 and 1993. Since 1994 the incidence has increased slightly to 0.03 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1999. This report describes a case of acute anterior poliomyelitis due to type 2 poliovirus observed in 1996 in a six-year-old boy who had been immunized using oral polio vaccine in 1991. Hospital testing identified congenital immunodeficiency. The possibility that the vaccine caused the disease is discussed.