Maxillofacial injuries in the multiply injured.

A survey of patients with maxillofacial injuries (MFI) was carried out in a triaged cohort of multiply injured patients (n = 802) evacuated from accident scenes by the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS). Despite intubation at accident scenes, some patients required further airway protection on arrival at hospital. One hundred and ninety-six patients (24.5%) had MFI and 90 (11.2%) were classified as severe with ISS of facial region > 2 or more severe (ISS up to 16, median 4). The latter group were commonly found to be associated with other severe injuries (median ISS of 36) leading to death in 41 patients (5.1% of the total). Out of the 196 multiply injured patients with MFI, 57 (29%) had diagnostic peritoneal lavage for suspected haemorrhage, 27 (14%) subsequently underwent laparotomy. Six (3%) had thoracotomies and 29 (15%) had chest drains inserted. Seventeen (9%) had emergency craniotomies and 14 (7%) required intracranial pressure monitoring. Orthopaedic injuries were most commonly associated with MFI and 91 patients (46%) underwent surgical interventions. The purpose of the present study was primarily to establish a database for MFI patients with multiple injuries. The longer term objective being to gain evidence for early definitive management of these complicated cases rather than the more traditional expectant policies. In our view delayed management of MFI can rarely correct all the consequent facial deformities.