Malignant hyperthermia.

Major advances have occurred in the management of MH since this disorder was first described. Despite the initially high mortality, deaths secondary to MH have dramatically decreased over the past 15 years, which is due in large part to the discovery of efficacious therapy. It is also a result of ever-increasing awareness and appreciation of the syndrome by physicians, other health care providers, and patients. Research has provided many answers to questions about the pathologic mechanisms of this disorder, and an animal model exists for testing new therapies; however, many questions remain. It is hoped that future investigations such as advances in genetic mapping may provide a specific, noninvasive method of predictive testing. It is possible that a complete understanding of MH and its mechanisms could teach us more about the ways anesthetic agents work. For now, identifying individuals at risk, rigorously avoiding exposure to potential anesthetic triggering agents in MH-susceptible patients, and promptly recognizing and treating unexpected MH episodes are the primary means of reducing morbidity and mortality from MH. Interested and informed clinicians and families are the patient's best allies against MH.