Combining photobiomodulation and naringenin for treatment of asthenozoospermia: A promising therapeutic approach.

Asthenozoospermia (AZS) affects approximately 20% of males. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of different photobiomodulation (PBM) protocols and naringenin (NAR) alone and in combination on sperm motility (SM) in AZS patients in vitro. We studied the different PBM protocols, including 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 J/cm2, by utilizing the RED (630 nm) and near-infrared (NIR) (810 nm) laser and different NAR concentrations (5, 10, 25, and 50 µmol/L), on sperms of AZS patients. In addition, the best PBM and NAR protocols were studied together. Evaluation methods included progressive sperm motility (PSM), sperm viability (SV), and DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI). The PSM results of RED and NIR showed a significant increase after 60 min compared with RED + NIR. NIR showed better results in PSM compared to other regimes (p < 0.02). The PSM data illustrated that 10 µmol/L of NAR had better results compared to other NAR groups (p < 0.01). The combination of optimal PBM and NAR regimes demonstrated an extraordinary promotion in PSM. NIR + NAR at 1.2 J/cm2 showed a better result in terms of PSM compared to other regimes (p < 0.01) and their DFI was decreased. A meaningful DFI increment was observed in the RED + NIR group compared to the other PBM groups (p < 0.05). DFI in 10 µmol/L of NAR was lesser than 50 µmol/L (p < 0.02). The combination of NIR (1.2 J/cm²) and NAR (10 µmol/L) significantly improved PSM and reduced DNA fragmentation, making it a promising approach for managing AZS.