Modified setting of negative pressure in children with mild respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND

Continuous negative extra-thoracic pressure (CNEP) can prevent children with apnea developing severe respiratory infection with endotracheal intubation. Little is known about children with mild acute respiratory disease, especially with a focus on clinical respiratory symptoms.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective, observational study between July 2014 and July 2017 to evaluate the safety of a modified setting of CNEP in hospitalized children with symptoms of chest-wall retraction or nasal alar breathing without the requirement for immediate intubation therapy in a single center. A modified setting of CNEP was defined as 4 h of treatment comprising 3 consecutive hours of CNEP followed by 1 h of rest.

RESULTS

We studied 19 hospitalized children with retraction or nasal breathing but no possible state of endotracheal intubation. The median age at admission was 0.9 years and the duration of CNEP was 6 days. No sedative drugs were used. The percentage of children with retraction or nasal breathing after 24 h from initiation of CNEP was significantly decreased compared with that just before CNEP (68% vs 100%, P = 0.02). Logistic regression showed no statistical evidence of contributing factors for pulmonary symptoms. No patients were transferred to receive intubation, but one boy reinitiated respiratory support within 6 months after discharge. No children had adverse events of upper airway obstruction, skin injury, interfering with access, hypothermia, discomfort from fitting a cuirass, and neck excoriation.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that a modified setting of CNEP management can be tolerated and continued without concern of adverse events.