Medical Management of Functional Impairment in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Review.

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) now affects 200 million people worldwide and is a major cause of disability. Cilostazol is the only Federal Drug Administration approved medication for PAD-related ischemic symptoms that is recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Supervised treadmill exercise significantly improves treadmill walking performance in PAD. Recent evidence shows that home-based exercise interventions that include occasional medical center visits and incorporate behavioral change techniques also significantly improve walking endurance in PAD. Upper and lower extremity ergometry (cycling) also improve walking ability in PAD. A recent decision by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services to cover supervised exercise for people with symptomatic PAD will increase access to exercise for the large number of people disabled by PAD.