Proteomic identification of the molecular basis of mammalian CNS growth cones.

The growth cone, which is a unique structure with high motility that forms at the tips of extending axons and dendrites, is crucial to neuronal network formation. Axonal growth of the mammalian CNS is most likely achieved by the complicated coordination of cytoskeletal rearrangement and vesicular trafficking via many proteins. Before recent advances, no methods to identify numerous proteins existed; however, proteomics revolutionarily resolved such problems. In this review, I summarize the profiles of the mammalian growth cone proteins revealed by proteomics as the molecular basis of the growth cone functions, with molecular mapping. These results should be used as a basis for understanding the mechanisms of the complex mammalian CNS developmental process.