[Visceral leishmaniasis: pediatric case report observed outside the traditional foci in Cameroon].

The purpose of this report is to describe an autochtonous case of visceral leishmaniasis with cachexia, fever, splenomegaly, ascitis and severe anemia observed in an eight-year-old boy from a region in eastern Cameroon outside the traditional disease foci. Diagnosis was confirmed based on demonstration of Leishmania amastigotes on bone marrow smear. The patient was treated with meglumine antimoniate but died on the 6th day of treatment.