Cilostazol as adjunctive therapy in treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders: a double-blind and placebo-controlled randomized trial.

We aimed to evaluate cilostazol therapeutic effects on aberrant behaviors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and its safety profile in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-six children with confirmed ASD were allocated to receive either daily 50-mg cilostazol (increased to 100 mg/day after 2 weeks) or matched placebo in addition to risperidone. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Edition (ABC-C) scale and a checklist of probable adverse effects were used to assess the behavioral outcomes and safety profile at weeks 0, 5, and 10 of the study. Sixty-one participants, with comparable baseline characteristics, completed the trial. Unlike other ABC-C subscales, repeated-measures analysis showed significant effect for time × treatment interaction in the hyperactivity subscale ( P = 0.047; partial eta squared = 0.06). We used the median value for the baseline score hyperactivity subscale [median (interquartile range) = 31 (24-37)] to stratify participants to higher hyperactivity and lower hyperactivity subgroups and found that only participants with higher hyperactivity benefit from cilostazol adjunctive therapy ( P = 0.028; partial eta squared = 0.14). Cilostazol could be considered as a safe agent with beneficial effects on hyperactivity in children with ASD and higher levels of hyperactivity.