Hemorrhagic complications in a phase II study of sunitinib in patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma who has previously received high-dose radiation.

BACKGROUND

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-agent sunitinib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODS

Eligible patients had progressive disease after prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Sunitinib was given as continuous once-daily dosing of 37.5 mg in 4-week cycles until progression.

RESULTS

Thirteen patients were enrolled. Recruitment was stopped after two patients died of hemorrhagic events. All patients had previously received curative radiotherapy (RT) to nasopharynx/neck (including nine patients who had chemoradiotherapy). Patients received a median of three cycles of sunitinib. One patient was still on sunitinib with stable disease after 24 cycles. Hemorrhagic events occurred in nine patients (64%), including epistaxis in six, hemoptyses in three and hematemesis in two patients. Prior RT to thorax was significantly associated with hemoptyses (P = 0.03). Two patients with local tumor invasion into the carotid sheath developed fatal epistaxis/hematemesis within the first cycle of sunitinib, likely due to internal carotid blowout after tumor shrinkage.

CONCLUSIONS

Sunitinib demonstrated modest clinical activity in heavily pretreated NPC patients. However, the high incidence of hemorrhage from the upper aerodigestive tract in NPC patients who received prior high-dose RT to the region is of concern. Direct vascular invasion by tumors appeared to increase the risk of serious bleeding.