Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit · 2026
Epidemiologic analysis of rabies cases among humans in Iraq.
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Baghdadi Ghazwan A, Zaki Firas Mohammed, Aakef Ihab Raqeeb, Oudah Hussein Gatea, Ahmed Shamsulddin, Abdulhadi Muhammad Hussein
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Rabies is a fatal acute viral encephalitis that remains a public health problem in Iraq. There is continuous reported transmission nationwide.
AIM: To describe the epidemiology of reported rabies cases from 1997 to 2024 among humans in Iraq.
METHODS: We collected data on all reported probable cases of rabies among humans for 1997-2024, from the Iraq national rabies surveillance database. We analysed the data using SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel 2019, and calculated the incidence rates per 10 million population.
RESULTS: A total of 437 rabies cases were reported during the period, with an annual mean of 15.6 ± 6.6 cases. Cases occurred throughout the year, with a relative peak between May and October. The highest number of cases was reported in 1999 (30 cases; 6.9%) and the lowest was in 2015 (6 cases; 1.4%). Most cases occurred among children aged <15 years (60.2%), and males accounted for 82.2% of cases. The highest incidence rates per 10 million population were reported in the central and southern governorates, particularly Babylon (11.18) and Diyala (10.99).
CONCLUSION: Iraq continues to report a high number of rabies cases among humans annually. To achieve the WHO target of eliminating rabies among humans by 2030, there is a need for more effective rabies control measures, including better stray dog population management, expanded animal vaccinations, improved public awareness, and continuous access to rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin.
AIM: To describe the epidemiology of reported rabies cases from 1997 to 2024 among humans in Iraq.
METHODS: We collected data on all reported probable cases of rabies among humans for 1997-2024, from the Iraq national rabies surveillance database. We analysed the data using SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel 2019, and calculated the incidence rates per 10 million population.
RESULTS: A total of 437 rabies cases were reported during the period, with an annual mean of 15.6 ± 6.6 cases. Cases occurred throughout the year, with a relative peak between May and October. The highest number of cases was reported in 1999 (30 cases; 6.9%) and the lowest was in 2015 (6 cases; 1.4%). Most cases occurred among children aged <15 years (60.2%), and males accounted for 82.2% of cases. The highest incidence rates per 10 million population were reported in the central and southern governorates, particularly Babylon (11.18) and Diyala (10.99).
CONCLUSION: Iraq continues to report a high number of rabies cases among humans annually. To achieve the WHO target of eliminating rabies among humans by 2030, there is a need for more effective rabies control measures, including better stray dog population management, expanded animal vaccinations, improved public awareness, and continuous access to rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin.