Practical aspects of managing the child with apnea.

Sleep apnea is a common problem in children and probably more common than currently realized. Apnea in children may be central, obstructive or mixed. Otolaryngologists are called upon to diagnose and treat obstructive apnea. The most common cause of obstructive apnea in children is adenotonsillar hyperplasia, and several conditions predispose children to sleep apnea. The most severe, and occasionally only, signs occur during sleep. The majority of children can be diagnosed by a careful history from parents or caretakers. However, sleep sonography, pulse oximetry and polysomnography may be needed to assist in diagnosis. The treatment of apnea in children may include medications, but the most common procedure employed to resolve obstructive apnea in children is adenotonsillectomy.