Injury-resistant retinal ganglion cells that are rich in cytochrome oxidase.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the vast majority of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die one month after optic nerve transection. However, a small percentage do not degenerate. The present study examined one aspect of the chemical nature of these surviving RGCs using cytochrome oxidase (CO) as a neuronal marker in whole-mounted retinae. In the normal retina, 4.3% of the total population of RGCs show high CO activity. One month after optic nerve transection, 37% of the CO-positive RGCs counted in the control retinae survive and, because they stain with CO, must be metabolically active. Previous studies have shown that only up to 10% of the total RGC population survive optic nerve transection. The implication of our results is that the CO-positive RGCs, as a subpopulation, are more resistant to injury than the general population of RGCs.