Valorization of Jabuticaba (Plinia peruviana) peel: A comparative approach to extractions of bioactive compounds using sustainable techniques and solvents.

This study investigated the sustainable combination of heating-assisted (HAE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE), and pressurized liquid (PLE) extractions using water, ethanol, and 70 % hydroethanolic solution (Et70) to obtain bioactive compounds from jabuticaba peel. All experiments were standardized in temperature and time. UAE-Et70 performed with greater antioxidant activity, attributed to the technique's cellular cavitation capacity and the solvent's polarity balance. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the use of Et70 for antioxidant activity in all techniques. Mass spectrometry identified anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, reinforcing the peel's functional potential. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography showed ellagic acid predominance among eight selected phenolic compounds, mainly in ethanol-based (pure or 70 %) and UAE. The same system also favored the extraction of quercetin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, while the aqueous interaction was better for gallic acid. Therefore, UAE-Et70 stood out in the recovery of bioactive compounds, helping to enhance the value of jabuticaba peel and promoting sustainability in the food industry.