Case report: successful interdisciplinary treatment of cerebrally disseminated invasive pulmonal aspergillosis in a child with acute myeloid leukemia.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. Mortality rates of cerebrally disseminated IPA approach 100%. We report on a case of a 9-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia, who acquired cerebrally disseminated IPA during chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. Longtime survival was achieved by left pneumonectomy and neurosurgical resection of the intracerebral lesion combined with systemic application of itraconazole and liposomal amphotericin B. A review of literature revealed 7 other cases of cerebrally disseminated IPA with survival of more than 12 months.