Antimicrobial metabolites from the Indonesian mangrove sediment-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum sp. ZZ1151.

A total of 14 compounds including a novel tetrasubstituted benzene derivative peniprenylphenol A were isolated from a scaled-up culture of the Indonesian mangrove sediment-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum ZZ1151 in rice medium. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their NMR spectroscopic analyses, HRESIMS data, optical rotation calculations and comparison with the reported data. New peniprenylphenol A (1) was found to have antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with MIC values of 6, 13, and 13 µg/mL, respectively. The known compounds of penicimumide (2), preparaherquamide (5), uridine (6), thymine (7), 1,2-seco-trypacidin (8) communol G (9), clavatol (10), 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid methyl ester (11), 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (12), 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (13) and 4-hydroxyphenylethanone (14) showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the three tested pathogens with MIC values of 3-25 µg/mL.