The utility of bioimpedance analysis for monitoring the children with nutcracker syndrome.

UNLABELLED: We aimed to evaluate anthropometric and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) indices of children with nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Eighteen patients and 20 age-gender matched controls were enrolled. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio measurements, and BIA results were assessed. Laboratory parameters and Doppler sonographic findings were recorded. The weight, BMI, MAC, WC, body fat z scores, and waist/hip ratio were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Serum creatinine (Scr), albumin, HDL cholesterol, and urine protein (Up) were significantly increased in NCS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, body fat z score was independently related to Up and the degree of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) angle (beta = -0.965, p = 0.018 and beta = 0.841, p = 0.04, respectively).

CONCLUSION

NCS might be considered in slim proteinuric patients with unproven etiology. Serial anthropometric measurements and BIA analysis would estimate the severity of entrapment in LRV. Long-term follow-up of Scr might be required in NCS.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is very rare and characterized by the compression of LRV between aorta and SMA. What is new: • Patients with NCS have a slimmer body feature with lower anthropometric and BIA indices. • Fat percentage indicates the degree of LRV entrapment and amount of proteinuria in NCS.