The application of ileal conduits in pediatric renal transplantation.

Our experience with the use of ileal conduits as receptors of renal homografts in 5 of 41 transplant recipients during the preceding 4 years is described. These 5 chronic renal failure patients were between 6 months and 17 years old, and had unsalvageable bladders that required an ileal conduit at an elective time before transplantation. The causes of renal failure in these children included dysplasia and chronic urinary tract infection. In an attempt to retard the rate of renal insufficiency all patients underwent multiple operative procedures on the lower urinary tract. Two cadaveric and 3 kidneys from living relatives were transplanted. One infant (6 months old) died of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance 5 days post-transplantation. Of the remaining patients 3 are now 2 to 3 1/2 years post-transplantation and exhibit normal homograft function, and 1 died recently of chronic rejection. All conduits functioned well without evidence of ureteroileal obstruction, significant infection or stomal stenosis.