Mega-Analysis of Gray Matter Volume in Substance Dependence: General and Substance-Specific Regional Effects.
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Mackey Scott, Allgaier Nicholas, Chaarani Bader, Spechler Philip, Orr Catherine, Bunn Janice, Allen Nicholas B, Alia-Klein Nelly, Batalla Albert, Blaine Sara, Brooks Samantha, Caparelli Elisabeth, Chye Yann Ying, Cousijn Janna, Dagher Alain, Desrivieres Sylvane, Feldstein-Ewing Sarah, Foxe John J, Goldstein Rita Z, Goudriaan Anna E, Heitzeg Mary M, Hester Robert, Hutchison Kent, Korucuoglu Ozlem, Li Chiang-Shan R, London Edythe, Lorenzetti Valentina, Luijten Maartje, Martin-Santos Rocio, May April, Momenan Reza, Morales Angelica, Paulus Martin P, Pearlson Godfrey, Rousseau Marc-Etienne, Salmeron Betty Jo, Schluter Renée, Schmaal Lianne, Schumann Gunter, Sjoerds Zsuzsika, Stein Dan J, Stein Elliot A, Sinha Rajita, Solowij Nadia, Tapert Susan, Uhlmann Anne, Veltman Dick, van Holst Ruth, Whittle Sarah, Wright Margaret J, Yücel Murat, Zhang Sheng, Yurgelun-Todd Deborah, Hibar Derrek P, Jahanshad Neda, Evans Alan, Thompson Paul M, Glahn David C, Conrod Patricia, Garavan Hugh, ENIGMA Addiction Working Group
Аннотация
METHOD: Brain structure was examined in a mega-analysis of previously published data pooled from 23 laboratories, including 3,240 individuals, 2,140 of whom had substance dependence on one of five substances: alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or cannabis. Subcortical volume and cortical thickness in regions defined by FreeSurfer were compared with nondependent control subjects when all sampled substance categories were combined, as well as separately, while controlling for age, sex, imaging site, and total intracranial volume. Because of extensive associations with alcohol dependence, a secondary contrast was also performed for dependence on all substances except alcohol. An optimized split-half strategy was used to assess the reliability of the findings.
RESULTS: Lower volume or thickness was observed in many brain regions in individuals with substance dependence. The greatest effects were associated with alcohol use disorder. A set of affected regions related to dependence in general, regardless of the substance, included the insula and the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Furthermore, a support vector machine multivariate classification of regional brain volumes successfully classified individuals with substance dependence on alcohol or nicotine relative to nondependent control subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that dependence on a range of different substances shares a common neural substrate and that differential patterns of regional volume could serve as useful biomarkers of dependence on alcohol and nicotine.